Ecclesiastes

Dead flies turn the perfumer’s ointment fetid and putrid;aputrid Meaning of Heb. uncertain. so a little folly outweighs massive wisdom.

A sage’s mind tends toward the right hand, a fool’s toward the left.bI.e., a sage’s mind brings good luck; a fool’s brings bad luck.

The mind of a fool is wanting also when traveling—which lets everybody know who is a fool.

If the wrath of a lord flares up against you, don’t give up your post;cpost Emendation yields “hope.” for when wrath abates, grave offenses are pardoned.dwhen wrath abates, grave offenses are pardoned Lit. “abatement (2 Chron. 36.16) remits grave offenses.” For hinniaḥ “to remit,” cf. Abodah Zarah 13a; cf. hanaḥah “remission of taxes,” Esth. 2.18.

Here is an evil I have seen under the sun as great as an error committed by a ruler:

Folly was placed on lofty heights, while the rich sat in low estate.

I have seen slaves on horseback, and nobles walking on the ground like slaves.

One who digs a pit will fall into it; one who breaches a stone fence will be bitten by a snake.

One who quarries stones will be hurt by them; one who splits wood will be harmed byebe hurt by them; one who splits wood will be harmed by Emendation yields “profit … shall make use of.” it.

fMeaning of verse uncertain. If the ax has become dull and the edge has not been whetted, then more strength must be exerted. Thus the advantage of a skill [depends on the exercise of] prudence.

If the snake bites because no spell was uttered, no advantage is gained by the trained charmer.

Sages’ talk brings them favor, but fools’ lips are their undoing.

Their talk begins as silliness and ends as disastrous madness.

Yet fools talk and talk!gThe thought of this sentence is resumed at v. 20. Humans cannot know what will happen; who can tell them what the future holds?

hThis verse continues the thought of v. 3. The exertions of fools tire them out, for they don’t know how to get to a town.

Alas for you, O land whose king is a lackey and whose ministers dine in the morning!

Happy are you, O land whose king is a master and whose ministers dine at the proper time—with restraint, not with guzzling!

Through slothfulness the ceiling sags,Through lazy hands the house caves in.

TheyiThey The ministers of v. 16. make a banquet for revelry; wine makes life merry, and money answers every need.

Don’t revile a king even among your intimates.jintimates In contrast to others “thoughts”; meaning of Heb. uncertain. Don’t revile someone who is rich even in your bedchamber;For a bird of the air may carry the utterance,And a winged creature may report the word.